In this direction Heraclitus it denies the substance existence, and conceives its evolution of the things under the blind direction of perhaps, without purpose nor intention. Parmnides and the philosophy of the being Parmnides de Elia, (530 – 444), similar Heraclitus, but in essence of its thought, locating of opposing form diametrical, fixes its basic principle, and develops all its consequences. For Parmnides the reality is the being and only the being. Everything depends on the being or not to be. Not-to be it does not exist and of form some can come to exist, then, the being only can exist.
The basic principle for Parmnides is the affirmation of the proper object of the intellect and of the objetividade of its value, this principle is the principle biggest that guides the possible knowledge all, namely, of identity and not-contradiction. Differently of the anti-intelectualismo of Heraclitus, which denies intelligence for the data of the directions, Parmnides affirms that the being exists, and not-to be it does not exist, and such thought is much-needed that if it cannot leave it. Parmnides enters for the history of the philosophy as the philosopher related to a priori method, which is simply intellectual, and when disdaining the value of the data of the directions, deduces five main consequences. The first one is the absolute one. The being is perpetual, immovable, without begins nor end.
Of another form, in case that it had a principle, it would come or of the being or not-being, and as of not-being nothing it can come, in the same way that and what it exists cannot come of what already exists. Soon the change consisted for our directions is impossible and the being has to exist of absolute and perpetual form. The second consequence is the unit. For Parmnides, the being or the reality is only, indivisible and also homogeneous.